“De-Risking” Risk Reduction

De-Risking Drug Discovery Programmes Early with ADMET

De-risking the clinical development of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors: how much is good enough?

Modification of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) metabolism is the next frontier in cardiovascular drug development, and modulation of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is an important addition to our armentarium in this field. Clinical trials have shown that CETP inhibitors substantially improve blood lipid profiles by raising plasma levels of HDL-C while simultaneously lowering LDL-C over and ...

Developability assessment as an early de-risking tool for biopharmaceutical development

Increasing attrition of therapeutic candidates during preclinical and clinical development affects productivity and causes spiraling costs, negatively impacting the development of new treatments. For biopharmaceuticals, product design, lead selection and manufacturing process development constitute significant areas of risk because of their decisive influence on product quality, biological acti...

Risking Death to Give Life

Risking Peace: Contesting Foreign Policy

This paper explores the causes of domestic conflict over foreign policy in the context of a dynamic learning model. One state is composed of two political parties that are uncertain about how another state will respond to cooperative and confrontational policies. To resolve this uncertainty, they must implement policies and update on the basis of the observed outcome. While both parties have in...